Agricultural biotechnology is a collection of scientific techniques used to improve plants, animals and microorganisms. Biofertilizers are one of the important pillars in sustainable agriculture to organize production, protect the environment and produce crops free of pollutants, as they are considered environmentally friendly fertilizers that contain microorganisms capable of supplying plants with the necessary nutrients for them from natural sources through their contribution.
The potential of biofertilizer in enhancing crop growth without asking the quality of soil when compared with inorganic fertilizer is more. Cow dung is high in organic materials and rich in nutrients. It contains about 3% Nitrogen , 2 % phosphorus and 1% potassium. Apart from this cow dung also contains a variety of enzymes and microorganisms. Cow dung as feedstock contributes to environmental pollution.
Organic Bio-fertilizer and their method of preparation.
1. PANCHAGAVYA :
INGREDIENTS USED
- Cow dung = 1 kg (fresh)
- Cow dung slurry = 4 kg
- Cow urine = 3L
- Cow milk = 2L (fresh)
- Curd = 2 kg
- Cow butter oil = 1 kg (ghee)
METHOD OF PREPARATION:
It is a blend of 5 products obtained from cows mainly dung, urine, milk, curd and ghee. For making Panchagavya thoroughly mix the required quantities of ingredients and allow fermenting for 7 days with twice stirring per day.
2. MATKA KHAD:
INGREDIENTS USED
- Cow dung = 5 kg
- Cow urine = 5L
- Water = 5L
- Jaggery = 250 gm
- Earthen pitcher = 1 No. of 20L capacity
METHOD OF PREPARATION:
Thoroughly mix 5 kg of cow dung, 5 L cow urine, 5 L water and 250 gm jaggery and put in a pitcher of 20 L capacity. The pitcher is filled up to ¾ levels only, for effective fermentation. A lid is placed over the pitcher and buried in the soil for 7 to 10 days with its neck outside the soil.
3. BEEJA AMRIT :
INGREDIENTS USED
- Cow dung = 50 gm
- Cow urine = 50 ml
- Cow milk (fresh)= 50 ml
- Lime stone = 2-3 gm
- Water = 1L
METHOD OF PREPARATION:
Thoroughly mix all the ingredients preferably in a plastic/glass jar and keep overnight.
4. JEEVA AMRIT:
INGREDIENTS USED
- Cow dung = 5 kg
- Cow urine = 5L
- Jaggery = 1 kg
- Pulse flour = 1 kg
- Fertile soil = ½ kg
- Water = 50L
METHOD OF PREPARATION:
5. AMRITPANI:
INGREDIENTS USED
- Cow butter oil = 1/4 kg (ghee)
- Honey = ½ kg
- Cow dung = 10 kg
- Water = 200L
METHOD OF PREPARATION:
Thoroughly mix a quarter kilo of ghee into 10 kilos of cow dung. Blend half kilo of honey into this mixture and add 200 litres of water stirring all the time. The mixture thus obtained is Amritpani.
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